Wednesday, September 2, 2020

International Journal Mental Health Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The International Journal Mental Health Systems? Answer: Presentation Post-awful pressure issue (PTSD) is a confusion that creates in some person after introduction to an undermining, perilous, alarming or stunning occasion. For example, casualties of war are probably going to create PSTD. This task depends looking into it of Razzaq, an outcast from Iraq who lives in Australia and has been encountering side effects of PTSD. Right off the bat, it will talk about the side effects of Razzaq and accessible assistance from a RN and other consideration suppliers. Also, the task will investigate the emotional well-being evaluations required to inspect Razzaq. Thirdly, it will talk about the intercessions to oversee Razzaq. Fourthly, it will inspect the moral and legitimate standards to required in persistent focused consideration. At last, the paper will decide the social needs of the Razzaq and talk about socially based consideration for the patient. The introducing side effects of Razzaq Razzaq gave a few side effects, which are interruption, shirking, and hyperarousal side effects. Interruption side effects are side effects that cause a casualty to re-experience awful mishaps and may be wild and accidental. Razzaq gave interruption indications including dreadful bad dreams and flashbacks. As indicated by the contextual investigation, the clothes washer helps him to remember the commotions from war, which is an upsetting flashback. Flashbacks are upsetting on the grounds that the occasion begins from what the casualty respects to be the gravest purpose of their past injury (Hirsch Holmes, 2007). Shirking side effects cause a casualty to maintain a strategic distance from spots or things that help to remember their past injury. Razzaq will in general conceal away for quite a long time to keep away from his family. Shirking conduct side effects make it trying for casualties to participate in social capacities and carry on with a typical public activity (Levin, Kleinman , Adler, 2014). Hyperarousal manifestations incorporate unreliable conduct, outrage just as irate upheavals. Razzaq gave hyperarousal manifestations since he blows up and shouts at his better half and kids. Likewise, he has hit his significant other on different events because of outrage. Assitance from a RN and other social insurance suppliers for Razzaq and his family A RN is in a superior situation to offer help for Razzaq in light of the fact that he has talked about his indications. The essential objective of the supplier is to empower the person in question and family to build up a feeling of strengthening and achieve power over their manifestations. The RN and other human services experts should initially see how the side effects cause Razzaq to feel for them to accomplish this goal. They should then endeavor to build up an informative and trust-based relationship with Razzaq to open up a pathway for recuperation. The procedures that the medical caretaker can utilize are tuning in, normalizing reactions and reframing. The RN and other social insurance experts ought to be managable and tune in to Razzaqs articulations of his sentiments. As uncovered through the contextual investigation, the Razzaqs emotions are negative and incorporate the statement of outrage, stun and melancholy (Benson Thistlethwaite, 2009). The medical caretaker ought to p ermit Razzaq to communicate these sentiments on the grounds that the essential job is to tune in without making a decision about the person in question. To standardize Razzaqs reactions towards the horrendous accident, the RN and other human services experts should attempt to help the casualties qualities despite the injury. Razzaq should then be prepared on adapting strategies dependent on his qualities. The family ought to likewise be encouraged to acknowledge Razzaq as an individual from the family and assist him with fitting in the public activity. Family treatment that includes Razzaqs spouse and kids may be useful for this situation. Moving toward a casualty dependent on their qualities and abilities is more restorative than accentuating on their issues and deficiencies (Rumpler, 2008). Above all, the consideration supplier ought to educate Razzaq that the horrendous mishap didn't happen in light of the fact that he is an appalling individual or merited it. Three psychological wellness appraisals required to evaluate Razzaq The psychological wellness appraisals that are required for Razzaq are PTSD indications, the seriousness of sorrow and the presentation to war. Multifaceted delicate and displaced person adjusted evaluations that can be utilized for Razzaq are IES-R, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Afghan War Experience Scale. PTSD Symptoms For Razzaq, the indications of PTSD can be evaluated utilizing the effect of occasions scale-reexamined (IES-R). The IES-R is a self-report scale that is generally used to survey PTSD indications. Previously, this instrument has been utilized to gauge the side effects of PTSD in Afghan and Iraq displaced people in Australia. This evaluation instrument has strong psychometric properties and a decent interior consistence. One examination was intended to test the symptomatic utility of the IES-R as an appraisal instrument for PTSD in people presented to war. Two free examples, n=854 and n=3313 were utilized for this examination for this investigation (Morina, Ehring, Priebe, 2013). In light of this investigation, the IES-R will be a fitting instrument for surveying the psychological wellness status Razzaq. Seriousness of gloom side effects The seriousness of gloom side effects will be a central emotional well-being evaluation for Razzaq. The psychological wellness appraisal can be performed utilizing the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). This demonstrative apparatus is a 25-thing poll comprising of two scales for tension and melancholy manifestations (Rickels, Khalid-Khan, Gallop, Rickels, 2009). The downturn side effects scale contains 15 things while the uneasiness side effects comprise of 10 things. In the analysis of discouragement, the HSCL-25 depicts high inside consistency, test-retest unwavering quality and great legitimacy. Subsequently, the HSCL-25 is a proper evaluation instrument for Razzaq. The pace of presentation to war Razzaq ought to be evaluated intellectually to decide the degree of introduction to war and savagery. The Afghan War Experience Scale (AWES) can be applied to survey the degree of introduction to war. This appraisal device is a scale that asks up-and-comers or casualty whether they have been presented to the demonstrated 17 war-connected encounters or misfortune or viciousness (Slewa-Younan, Yaser, Guajardo, Mannan, Smith, Mond, 2017). There are three potential decisions for members including once (1), more than once (2), or never (0). The potential scores for a member run from 0-34 (Yaser, Slewa-Younan, Smith, Olson, Guajardo, Mond, 2016). A competitor who has a high score demonstrates that they have been presented to war-related encounters. The intercessions to securely oversee Razzaqs PTSD CBT is a sort of psychotherapy that expects to assist casualties with acknowledging negative contemplations, observations, sentiments or standard of conduct and therefore prepares the casualty how to supplant the negatives with positives. This treatment distinguishes and changes misinterpretations that cause patients to overestimate their present danger just as deciphering their practices during the injury (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Likewise, this psychotherapy shows the casualties on the most proficient method to grasp sound examples. CBT will be helpful and alright for Razzaq on the grounds that it centers around the side effects of PTSD, sadness and fears. One examination by Rhoads and associates found that CBT was useful for patients and conveyed great results (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). This examination uncovered that regardless of whether a medical attendant has negligible preparing on CBT, she can be useful to the patients. Subjective rebuilding Subjective rebuilding instructs the casualties that negative contemplations happen because of unfortunate reasoning. Thusly, the patient encounters conduct issues like helpless social connections and substance misuse. At the point when the casualty recognizes the connection between negative emotions and unfortunate reasoning, they are in a situation to distinguish and maintain a strategic distance from the malicious practices and manifestations (Rickwood Bradford, 2012). This treatment is proper for Razzaq on the grounds that he has hurtful contemplations that should be supplanted with positive reasoning. Presentation treatment In presentation treatment, a casualty is presented to a circumstance that is like their past injury with the point of training that negative side effects occur because of their past injury. Furthermore, it means to show the patient that a potential trigger is controllable. A patient can benefit from outside assistance to defy their past injury through verbal or composed story, portraying the course of the horrendous experience (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Patients are prepared through ceaseless introduction albeit a few encounters may be terrible. Razzaq requires introduction treatment in view of his past horrendous accidents. For example, when the clothes washer is turned on, he hears a vehicle reverse discharge. Prescription The prescription choice for rewarding Razzaq is SSRIs. This class of meds has been seen as compelling in dealing with the indications of PTSD. Moreover, the SSRIs have been evaluated for a wide scope of injury types, for example, seeing injury, physical maltreatment and reduced (Sullivan Neria, 2009). Sertraline and paroxetine are the two principle drugs under this class of medication (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). Sertraline will be the best medication for Razzaq because of its adequacy in improving hyperarousal and shirking indications. Nursing care mediations to improve Razzaq's prosperity The medical caretaker can prepare Razzaq on the most proficient method to lessen tension and gloom. Razzaq can be prepared on unwinding strategies, breathing procedures just as activities that upgrade social abilities. Training the casualty on the side effects of PTSD can likewise be useful on the grounds that it will assist him with identifying adverse side effects. The attendant can likewise guarantee that the casualty takes recommended prescriptions accurately and evaluate the reaction to drug. The attendant can likewise allude Razzaq to different spots for social help like network associations. For this situation, the patient will get the hang of adapting aptitudes by taking an interest in social exercises. Moral and legitimate standards in giving patient-focused consideration When offering understanding focused consideration, the patient ought to be engaged with dynamic towards their treatment plan (

Saturday, August 22, 2020

CS 5 Skype Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CS 5 Skype Analysis - Essay Example These include: the adjusting criticism circle and the strengthening input circle. The adjusting circle puts forth attempt to move the way things are (available state) to a goal or objective (favored state) by utilization of whatever that should be possible or utilized (Some strategy) to accomplish the objective by the organization. The adjusting circle is one of the two basic framework structures by Skype. This criticism circle is an epitome of any condition where there is a goal and strategy it is executed to accomplish that particular objective. For example, in the event that one settles on a choice to upgrade the deals by state 15%, the person in question has only settled an adjusting circle; same to one who settles on a choice to make another item or administration (Bellinger, 2004c). This can be represented by the adjusting circle chart beneath; Source: (Bellinger, 2004b) The favored state relates with the current condition to make a hole. The favored condition is taken as fixed or consistent in this discernment. The hole created by the range between the favored condition and the current state is really propelled for activity, and the greater the hole the higher the propensity to result into an activity. The game-plan considered adds to the current condition. The current condition deducts from the hole, in this manner limiting it. ... The input circle weights on total rather than segments or divisions. It likewise stresses on the roundabout input rather than direct establishment and result. In addition, it has an interesting wording that characterizes the conduct of frameworks, for example, the input that manages change and encourages a framework to maintain security. Successful Strategies That Might be utilized in This Feedback by Skype To effectively utilize this adjusting circle, Skype must learn that there is an express all around grasped and acknowledged depiction of the favored condition in the organization framework structure. In the event that the representatives don't know about the last objective they are attempting to get then any strategy can lead them some place. The organization should likewise make sure that there is a goal or objective as plausible depiction of the present condition. It is the association in the midst of the favored state and the current express that makes the establishment for arr anging and comparing strategy. On the off chance that the arranging is blamed there is an amazing open door the resulting game-plan may be superfluous to move the current state to the favored state (Bellinger, 2004a). To wrap things up, since the game-plan is strengthened by the size of the hole there is an ordinary conduct for the level of activity to diminish as the present condition looms towards the favored state. This conduct represents the explanation that as dominant part of the undertakings by Skype go to a completing point it will in general be increasingly more entangled to make improvement towards the end. To overcome this inclination, the motivation for activity must radiate from some point separated from the hole. In association with the fulfillment of the venture the

Friday, August 21, 2020

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay Example for Free

Individual Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay An accomplished and completely qualified enrolled nurture who is proficient, intensive and energetic about conveying the best degrees of care to patients. I has broad social insurance involvement with a wide scope of key nursing fields and has the necessary physical, mental and enthusiastic solidarity to face the rigors of this requesting calling. Ready to work independently and has immense information on utilizing the most recent cutting edge clinical gear to treat, watch and record the states of patients. As a determined person who needs to advance she is currently searching for an appropriate nursing position with a trustworthy, energizing and present day medicinal services supplier. See more: how to compose a grant article Work History Emena Hospital Assistant Superviser Sept 2011-current Obligations Caring for patients who are experiencing intense and long haul sicknesses and illnesses. Overseeing medications, drug and infusions to patients. Approaching patients with deference and poise, and concentrating on singular needs and wishes. Kj Prioritizing outstanding burdens and apportioning patients suitably. Keeping up high clinical norms and elevated levels of value care conveyance Providing data, passionate help and consolation to patients and family members. Nursing Skills Implementing and taking part in inoculation and vaccination programs for the two grown-ups and youngsters. Taking patient examples, heartbeats, temperatures and blood pressures. Experience of Chronic Disease the board for example diabetes and asthma, and so on. Reacting tranquilly to crisis circumstances. Exploring and assessing the adequacy of nursing intercessions. Arranging junior staff and organizing occupied remaining tasks at hand. Ready to liaise with social administrations and other consideration organizations. Getting ready beds, rooms, sanitizing instruments, gear and supplies, and guaranteeing that a basic load of provisions is kept up.

Friday, June 5, 2020

Political Science Algerian Nationalist Movement - 550 Words

Political Science: Algerian Nationalist Movement (Term Paper Sample) Content: Students Name Professors Name Subject Date It is a story which gives out the clear picture of what colonisation was. It gives out the clear picture of violence during the colonial period and the political systems which resulted after decolonization. Frantz Fanon developed this story after actively participating in the Algerian Nationalist Movement while fighting the French colonisation in Africa(Agathangelou). Then he predicts the failures and success of movements which tried to fight for independence. Besides, in his theory, he claimed women were excluded in most of this movements despite their crucial role during the decolonization process. He exposed the tricks which the French had adapted to trick Africans and exposed them. However, the French government tries to stop him by banning some of his books. Additionally, Fanon described the only way the French used to rule people was through violence, they justified their actions by claiming that the only way to rule people was by exercising your authority over them. To begin with, Fanon portrays the ruling of the French as violent and biased. In that, they even justified their raping of women as violently satisfying their desires (Gibson). They treated Africans as animals and brainwashed their adolescents by teaching their cultures and twisting their tongues to behave and speak like them. For this reason, Fanon saw that the best way for decolonization is by violence. He went further to being a member of Algeria National Movement. Which was to fight for the rights of the Algerians who were being oppressed and neglected. However, according to me, this violence is not the best way to claim freedom since a great number of people lost their lives in the process and even the political structures which came thereafter were comprised of people who only wanted to satisfy their greedy appetite. To some extent, this form of leadership has not only affected the African relationship with other countries but also built some form of the hatred in this countrie s. Secondly, from Gander and weakness of spontaneity, this part deals a lot with nationalist parties. Fanon describes his Lumpenproletariat as a party which comprises of the middle-low-income earners below the working class. He thinks that by taking criminals, prostitutes, the homeless and the uneducated and putting them together they will help in liberating Algeria. Since the adolescents had been assimilated and were behaving as Europeans. He saw the learned as assimilated and brainwashed, therefore, they can't listen to his grievances and they can't fight for their country. However, he forgot that the Lumpenproletariat they cannot be led intellectually using written speeches. For Fanon, books were his platform of communication. So there was a communication barrier between him and the nationalist party. Similarly, several movements have made the similar mistake of ...

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Is Voter Support A Presidential Candidate - 1795 Words

OVERVIEW Generally there are several key positions voters focus on when selecting a presidential candidate. Whether they release it or not, macroeconomics take a key in their thoughts by defining candidates based on positions of unemployment, income, and inflation. Many believe that voter support is based on differentiating viewpoints of past, present, and future economic conditions. For the most part, voters position themselves on one side or the other of the same coin. There is one side of the coin that is largely concerned with what the incumbent will personally do for them; the other side focuses on what the future president will do for the country. Donald R. Kinder and D. Roderick Kiewiet refer to the first group as pocketbook†¦show more content†¦However, it can be assumed that the interrelationship between both voter groups can and may collectively contribute to the majority vote this presidential election. A recent Gallup pole reflects two top voter issues reflective of sociotropic citizens; currently they are the economy and how the government operates (Newport, 2015). Those seeking election must not only understand the major concerns of Americans but also demonstrate how they plan to correct the issues. For the most part there are two schools of thought when it comes to government and economic policies, each being contended by Democrats or Republicans. So what are these thoughts and was is the best course of action? To figure this out we must understand the ramifications of each method. Lets take a look at who the candidates are and what their positions are. MARCO RUBIO Marco Rubio’s fiscal proposals follow that of sociotropic voters and classical economists. His political ideals resound among constituents who believe a prosperous nation is one with little to no government intervention. Further, his positions on taxes follow that of â€Å"The Father of Supply-Side Economics†, Arthur Laffer (The Laffer Curve, 2011). Laffer’s theory points out that a government would not collect any revenue if tax rates were at 0% and 100% (Laffer, 2011). His reasoning is that taxes have

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance Services

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance Services. Answer: Introduction: Richard H. Walker, Director of Enforcement, the Securities and Exchange Commission had once opined that in pursuit of acquiring and retaining more clients in the competitive environment, the audit companies have constantly seen to explore the ever expanding market of non audit services for the large corporate and multi nationals. (Hay, 2015). Independence in context of auditing refers to a person power of judgment not being negatively affected by the wishes of the other person. This means that for an auditor to be unbiased he should not be affected by the undue influence of the clients. The credibility of the annual report is automatically enhanced whose auditor has been given an unquestionable independence to operate in his arena. (Bansal, 2013). Independence of auditor has resulted in numerous benefits for the stakeholder and this is the primary reason behind the accounting standard bodies constant effort to promote independence globally. Independent Audit has helped the management to pinpoint on the causes of its poor performance and helps to overcome it. Adherence to the accounting standard in ensured through the independence of the auditor. Auditors are responsible to judge the fairness of the payouts made to the employees especially the CXO. Their vigilance, act as a deterrent to the dishonest employees on committing fraud. The banking industry globally is reeling under the problem of loan default by big names of the industries. A credible financial statement arising from independent audit not only helps the banks to judge the credit worthiness of the lenders but subsequent financial statements gives an idea about the recoverability of the loan during the repayment tenure. (ICAEW, 2017) The corporate tax revenue of the government is highly dependent on the taxes, the computations of which are found in the financial statements which are verified by the auditor. (Wang., Hay, 2013). Such instances have highlighted repeatedly the need of the independence of the auditors attached to the organization. (Bansal, 2013) Issues on Auditors independence have gained importance in New Zealand, which has prompted the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand (called ICANZ) to conduct an enquiry in this issue, the stock exchange of New Zealand responded with change in listing requirements and the Security Commission to conduct a study on the issue. Although failures of company are not very common in New Zealand but the glaring examples of failure (Su, 2015) such as the scandal of Enron which had Anderson as is auditor, Australian company HIH Insurance and WorldCom have incited fear in the mind of the people. (Roy, 2015). Disturbance in the minds of people of New Zealand about whether the true and fair view proclaimed by the auditor is genuine or not, dates back to period much before Enron when the increasing trend of non audit fees charged by the auditor has been noticed by many people. The practices of providing audit clients with non audit service including advices which help them to remain competitive have often widely been seen as a threat to the independence. This trend which has slowly been emerging among the good companies as they feel that the highly trained auditors who is having a good knowledge about the affairs of the company can easily relate them to the external environment for the success of the company. (Cheung, Hay, 2004) Companies Act and ethical requirements as determined by ICANZ define the requirements for auditors independence in New Zealand. The Companies Act explicitly bars an auditor from being the director, partner or employee of the company. In fact the act goes further in debarring an auditor to even become a liquidator or receiver of the company. (Stuart, 2012). This is because the essence of the Companies Act is that the relation between the company and the auditor should not be such that it might affect in his judgment about the company. Drawing inspiration from the International Federation of Accountants Code of Ethics, ICANZ formulated ICANZ code of ethics which was supplemented by addition of Code of Ethics: Independence. These drafts and additions were prepared considering the scandals of International Auditing and accommodating necessary safeguards from the same. (ICAEW, 2017) The ICANZ code of ethics calls upon the accountant involved in this profession to maintain not only independence of mind while auditing but also to maintain independence in appearance. In order to maintain the independence of the auditor, every financial transaction taking place with the clients, should be reviewed for potential risk and loss of independence. This provision is also extended to cases where an auditor has a financial interest in the business operation of the client, a situation where the significant portion of the income of the auditor or his firm comes from a particular client or when a client has failed to pay a large portion of his fees. ICANZ to institute auditors independence called for continuous review of objectivity risk especially when there has been a personal dealing or any dealing with the family of the proprietors. (Cheung, Hay, 2004) According to New Zealand Shareholders association when auditors are entrusted with both the audit and non audit, the auditor actually is being compensated by the lucrative non audit work in comparison to the lowly paid audit work. Although the companies have been highlighting cost effectiveness and quality in support of the dual role, the association doesnt rely on the fact that the mistakes occurred in none audit services by the auditor will be given an independent view by the same person during the audit. (Nzshareholders.co.nz, 2017) Therefore in order to avoid compromise in both the roles, the association wants that payment for non audit work can exceed at the most by 25% of the audit work. The association further calls for disclosing the non audit work performed by the company so greater observation can be kept by the shareholders on the accuracy of the same. In fact it is suggested that any conflict in the non audit work should be documented well along with the impact of the conflict as suggested by the auditor. (Nzshareholders.co.nz, 2017) Studies undertaken on auditors independence have often concluded without exact solution to make a person give independent views about a company who pays him. Therefore one of the solutions which could help auditors to shift their biased focus from the company to the shareholders is rotation of auditors. Since the auditor now knows that he has a limited term anyways, he will avoid spoiling his reputation by giving favorable reports under unfavorable situations. He will also now be concerned that is current corruption and errors could be taken up by the future auditor who will be coming in his place. So although a favorable relation between the auditor and the client firm is desirable, independent audit to know whether the company is actually in a true and fair situation cannot be compromises in the interest of the shareholders. In several countries the accounting professionals themselves established the regulations and rules applicable to the professionals and members itself regulates compliance with these regulations. The accounting professionals mainly regulates its members in context to mater including monitoring, qualification, discipline and complaints entailing them to see appropriate rules and byelaws, such as accounting professionals code of ethics (Davis and Hay, 2012). Acquiescence with the regulations and rules and code of ethics and hence the codes associating to the independence it necessary. The main objective of the auditors are examining, comparing, gathering evidence, support comparison and examination, making an effective conclusion based on the analysis and evaluation and representing the conclusion and other comment. The independent governance audits in New Zealand are auditor regulation act 2011, public audit act 2001 and financial reporting act 2013 and so on. The purpose of theses reg ulatory bodies is to make sure that organizations incorporating all norms and regulations in its financial statement in effective and successful manner. Moreover, these bodies also ensuring that the organization is incorporating the entire objective, functions and regulations in successful manner or not. The controller and Auditor general is the responsible for mainlining and executing auditing functions in public bodies. The main roles and responsibilities of the controller and Auditor general are to set out the rules and regulations. The body also accountable to the public and the parliament for utilizes of public power and resources conferred by parliament. Under the public audit act 2001, the auditor general of New Zeeland is the auditor of all public entities that contains the government department, crown, statutory boards, local authorities and other public bodies. In executing the assurance work and audit the Auditor general seeks the assurance and audit work executes on the behalf of Auditor general enhances the performance of the public sectors and publics trust (Griffin, Lont and Sun, 2014). Section 9 of the public audit act 2001 declares that the Auditor general and absolutely all those who employee for the Auditor general must act separately in the presentation of auditor generals power, duties and functions. Independent in regards to contain the professionals independent of an Accounting auditor is determining the fundamental significant of independent. The auditor general offers independent assurance that individuals or public entities are performing, accounting and operating for their performance in observing with parliaments purpose. Statutory financial reporting framework The statutory financial reporting framework objective is to establish the different type of the entities that have statutory financial reporting responsibility, audit, representation and filing needs. Moreover accounting standard framework also set out the accounting standards to be implemented by entities with statutory financial reporting reponsiblteis. The New Zealand framework outlines the concepts which strengthen information showed in general objective financial and non financial information which is contained in or attends the financial statement. It is utilized by the financial reporting standard board in working with the international accounting standard boards to develop IFRS or in developing local FRS. The statutory framework reporting obligations includes the financial markets conduct ACT 2013, the financial reporting actc2013 and the financial reporting (amendments to other Enactments) Act 2013 (legislation, 2017). The financial markets conducts acts come into the focused on 1 April 2014. The act explains a new term of financial marketing conduct entities that includes issuers of the financial goods or products, buildings societies, as well as credit terms. This act includes the core financial reporting responsibilities on the audit, presentation and filing need for financial reporting marketing entities. The financial reporting act 2013 builds a framework for financial coverage by establishing out needs that are mainly applicable across a range of entities. Instead of this FMC act 2013 as well the FRA 2013 the financial reports (amendments to other enactment act) 2013, impacted changes to the applicable rules and regulations that govern the statutory framework of financial repor ting needs of particular entity types. Under the public audit act 2001, the Auditor general is the inspector of all public bodies such as state own enterprises, crown entities, schools, statutory boards, local authorities and their subsidiaries, tertiary education institutions including polytechs, universities etc (Nethercott and Smith, 2014). XRB also known as the external reporting boards that aims and objective is to accounting standards and standards for assurance partitions (xrb, 2017). In order to this the board ensuring the transparency and accountability for stakeholders. Moreover the auditor generals standards are based upon the principles established by the XRB i.e. external reporting board that implement to assurance practitioners who executed audits in NZ. Auditors general standards Auditors general standards Name of standards or statements Performance audits Financial report audits Inquiries Other auditing services AG PES 1* The code of ethics for guarantee practitioners Yes Yes Yes Yes AG-5* Other auditing services, performance audits and other employment carried by on the behave of the Auditor general Yes Yes Yes Yes AG PES 3* Control related with the quality Yes Yes Yes Yes AG-6* Inquires executed by the Auditor General Yes Yes Yes Yes AG ISA(NZ) Overall purpose of the independent auditors and conduct of an audits in accordance with the New Zealand international standards on Auditing Yes Yes Yes Yes An independent audit might not be possible if the member of the audit team has a financial interest or a self interest attached with the firm. In other words any sought of financial interest in the client firm can create self interest threat. An auditor usually wont like to lose a client even if it means thinking about the welfare of the shareholders. Therefore a certain degree of self interest is always attached but the level drastically increases with the size of the fee payable. However the biggest self threat is the ratio between the fees paid by a particular client and the total fees of the company. The higher is the dependence more is the self interest threat. It is obvious that no one like to highlight ones own mistake. That is obvious for the auditors who after charging hefty non audit fees would hardly like to showcase their mistakes during audit. In other words during self review it is very difficult to maintain objectivity. This problem can also arise when a decision which needs to be given in the current audit requires a review of the decisions given in the previous audit. Therefore for an independent audit self review threat also needs to be managed. Since independence is not only about external issues but also internal issues like self review. Advocacy is the act of supporting ones client firm by the auditor. While a certain level of advocacy comes with association, but unconditional support becomes a matter of concern. This can seriously then affects the independence of the auditor and goes against the audit reporting role of the company. Auditor is suppose to give his judgment based on the material facts but sometimes he gets carried over by the good relation he has developed with the firm, its directors or the employees. The mere faith on them or the inherent culture of the firm often makes them feel that no mistake can be committed by them. (Glover, Prawitt,2014). When such confidence creeps in the mind of the auditor about the client, he automatically starts taking lenient and soft views on the financial discrepancies of the firm and a simple explanation of the client is then taken on the face value. Auditors are always cautioned not to exceed the advisory role and to avoid developing any personal opinion about the company. (Ebrahim, 2001) Safeguards to Manage the Threats Auditors should constantly look out for threats and accordingly take step to reduce them to a level accepted by standards and avoid harming the shareholders. While accomplishing their task auditors should always consider each risk separately and see what steps they have taken to mitigate the same. The degree to which the safeguard will be applied will depend on the level of threat, the type of audit engagement, the organizational structure of the firm and the profile of the end users. Based on the above threats there are three broad heads for safeguard. (Islam, Karim, 2005) Accounting bodies, auditing committees, international organizations generally implement standards, guidelines, oversights, disclosure requirements and processes for monitoring the discipline and enforcement of the same.( Knechel, Salterio, 2016). This includes but not limited to having a streamlined procedure of appointment as auditor, good supervision by audit committee, a well explained disclosure of the role to be played by the auditor both in terms of audit and non audit activities and the corresponding payments from the process. The auditor or the audit firm should appoint personnel who are professionally well qualified and are well remunerated so that they are able to maintain their professional integrity. (Gay, Simnett,2000). Safeguard within the audit firms own system and procedures It is absolutely necessary for the audit firm to have an own streamlined procedures and guidelines which will act as a safeguard for the firm. Safeguards should ideally be extended to the operations and procedures for client engagement. (Pitt,2014). The audit firm should have in place regulations which make way for the auditors independence, internal policies to adhere to the safeguards, a review of the quality of work done in the engagement, performance review of the partners and an open door policy where any staff of the auditing team are welcomed to meet the senior level authorities to discuss the problem faced by them during the audit. Such safeguards are instrumental not only for the auditors independence but will go a long way to promote objectivity and fair practices. (Islam, Karim, 2005) In order to ease out the pressure on the auditors to maintain integrity when playing dual roles, there are certain categories of services which are prohibited for an auditor while performing non audit activities.( Blay, Geiger,2013). The first two types of threats are not within the complete control of the audit firm. This means that is a role which the client company needs to play in extending the safeguard for the audit firm. However the last safeguard is totally in the hand of the audit firm. (Dobler, M. 2014). If an audit firm has the last safeguard implemented diligently in the firm, then the auditors of the firm are less likely to show interest to work with a firm whose threats are not minimized to an acceptable level with the help of the given safeguards.( Romney Steinbart, 2012). A good audit firm will in fact never hesitate to turn down an engagement with the client who doesnt allow sufficient independence and have threat which can affect the independent audit.( Ruhnke, Schmidt,2014). References Bansal, S. (2013). Auditing and Assurance - CA (11th ed.). New Delhi: Best Word Publications. Blay, A. D., Geiger, M. A. (2013). Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), 579-606 Cheung, J., Hay, D. (2004). Auditor Independence: The Voice of Shareholders. Auckland: The University of Auckland. Retrieved from https://www.uabr.auckland.ac.nz/files/articles/volume6/v6i2-auditor-independence.pdf Davis, M. and Hay, D. (2012). An Analysis of Submissions on Proposed Regulations for Audit and Assurance in New Zealand.Australian Accounting Review, 22(3), pp.303-316. Dobler, M. (2014). Auditor-provided non-audit services in listed and private family firms.Managerial Auditing Journal,29(5), 427-454. Ebrahim, A. (2001). Auditing quality, auditor tenure, client importance, and earnings management: An additional evidence.Rutgers University, 1-20. Gay, G. E., Simnett, R. (2000).Auditing and assurance services in Australia. Sydney: Mcgraw-hill. Griffin, P., Lont, D. and Sun, Y. (2014). Governance Regulatory Changes, IFRS Adoption, and New Zealand Audit and Non-Audit Fees: Empirical Evidence.SSRN Electronic Journal. Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2014). Enhancing auditor professional skepticism: The professional skepticism continuum.Current Issues in Auditing,8(2), P1-P10. Hay, D. (2015). The frontiers of auditing research.Meditari Accountancy Research,23(2), 158-174. ICAEW,. (2017). Provision of non- audit services to audit clients | Ethics | Technical | ICAEW. Icaew. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.icaew.com/en/technical/ethics/auditor-independence/provision-of-non-audit-services-to-audit-clients Islam, A., Karim, W. (2005). Auditors' Independence and NAS. Wellington: VictoriaUniversityof Wellington. Retrieved from https://www.victoria.ac.nz/sacl/centres-and-institutes/cagtr/working-papers/WP36.pdf Knechel, W. R., Salterio, S. E. (2016).Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Knechel, W. R. (2016). Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), 215-223. legislation. (2017).legislation. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.govt.nz/ [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017]. Nethercott, L. and Smith, A. (2014). New Zealands Thin Capitalisation Rules and the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in New Zealand.SSRN Electronic Journal. Nzshareholders.co.nz,. (2017). New Zealand Shareholders' Association Inc. | NZSA Best Practice Guidelines. Nzshareholders.co.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.nzshareholders.co.nz/shareholders-best-practiceDetail.cfm?bestpracticeid=27 Oag.govt.nz,. (2017). About auditing Office of the Auditor-General New Zealand. Oag.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.oag.govt.nz/our-work/about-auditing Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Roy, M. N. (2015). Statutory Auditors' Independence in Corporate Accounting Scandals: A Case Study of Satyam Computer Services Ltd.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management,8(2), 35-48. Ruhnke, K., Schmidt, M. (2014). The audit expectation gap: existence, causes, and the impact of changes.Accounting and Business Research,44(5), 572-601. Stuart, I. (2012).Auditing and assurance services: an applied approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Su, L. (2015).Do the auditors bear the consequences of corporate failures? The case of failed New Zealand finance companies(Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Wang, S. W. S., Hay, D. (2013). Auditor independence in New Zealand: Further evidence on

Sunday, April 19, 2020

Symbolism Of Peal In The Scarlet Letter free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Peal, the girl of Hester Prynne. Pearl, throughout the narrative, developes into a dynamic symbol- 1 that is ever altering. As the novel progresses, Pearl grows older, and it # 8217 ; s easy for the reader to desire to research some of the symbolism which Pearl comes to stand for throughout the novel. In the Scarlet Letter, Hester, for her wickednesss, recieved a vermilion A which she had to have on upon her thorax. This was the Puritan manner of handling her as a felon, for the offense of criminal conversation. The Puritan intervention continued, because as Hester would walk down the streets, she would be looked down upon as if she were a devil from Hell, and she would be called names. This would do her much mental torment and heartache. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism Of Peal In The Scarlet Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other manus, God # 8217 ; s manner of penalizing Hester for her wickedness was rather different from the physical item she wore: he gave her the penalty of a really alone kid who she named Pearl. This penalty from God was a changeless reminder to Hester of what she had done incorrect, and she could non get away from her girl as she did society. In this facet, Pearl symbolized God # 8217 ; s manner of penalizing Hester for criminal conversation. The manner Hester # 8217 ; s life was ruined for so long was the ultimate monetary value that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl, Hester # 8217 ; s life was one about neer filled with joy, but alternatively a changeless nagging. Pearl would hassle her female parent over the vermilion A which she had to have on invariably. And, Pearl would besides do her ain A to have on, and sometimes played games with her female parent # 8217 ; s, seeking to hit it with stones, or adorning it with bristly burrs. When Hester would travel into town with Pearl, the other kids would do merriment of her and Pe arl would shout back and throw soil at them, So, in this instance, Pearl symbolized the decimation of Hester’s societal life and mental province. Although Hester had so much problem with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her hoarded wealth. Pearl was truly the lone thing that Hester had in life, and if Pearl wasn # 8217 ; T in Hester # 8217 ; s life, Hester would about certainly have committed self-destruction. Hester proved this when she replies to the govenors sister about an invitation to the enchantresss meeting in the forests, # 8230 ; Had they taken ger off from me ( Pearl ) , I would hold willing gone with thee into the wood, and signed my name in the Black Man # 8217 ; s book excessively, and that with mine ain blood! So, it # 8217 ; s obvious that Pearl was Hesters chief ground to remain populating. Once in a piece, Pearl would convey joy to Hesters life, and that helped her to maintain on life. Pearl truly symbolized a rose to her female parent, but at other times she could be wilting. It was these times when she was wilting that brought Hester more heartache. One concluding manner Pearl symbolized something in the novel was her association with the vermilion missive. Pearl truly was the ultimate vermilion missive, because if Pearl had neer been born, Hester would hold neer been found guilty of criminal conversation, and therefore neer would hold neer had to have on that tangilble load upon her thorax. Without load, Hester would hold led a much better life than the one she had throughout the novel. In many different ways, through the full novel, Pearl was a beginning of many different sorts of symbolism and in a manner, boding. From being a rose, like the gate of the gaol, to stand foring the vermilion missive Angstrom she was sort of a load, yet love for Hester. And as a concluding note, Pearl was more than her female parents merely beginning or key, to survival and saneness.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Free Essays on Kennedy

Kennedy came to office with flair. He offered a new vision and a new frontier for America. He also inherited a secret war in Cuba, a Cold War with the Soviet Union and China, and an emerging crisis in Southeast Asia. He preferred a flexible security strategy over Eisenhower's heavy-handed nuclear threats. Flexible Response was no highly explicit theory nor written in a single authoritative source. Flexible Response was realistic in that nuclear weapons couldn't be used. It tried to provide credible means to match non-nuclear escalation. The word "flexible" stressed the value of having "multiple options" available should a crises arise. Having multiple options during a crisis appeared to be better than reference to a few preset war scenarios. Having multiple options was thought to enhance the credibility of the U.S. deterrent (reassuring allies while deterring the opponent). At the same time, however, flexibility made it also improbable that the U.S. would want or need nuclear attack. In effect Flexible Response called for the continued presence (in Europe) of sizable conventional forces. Conventional forces were to serve two functions, a deterrent function and the function to fight limited wars. The main argument of the Eisenhower administration had been that conventional forces were too costly and nuclear weapons would have "more bang for the buck." Kennedy wanted to deter all wars, general or limited, nuclear or conventional, large or small. Eisenhower and Dulles wanted to achieve similar goals but at minimal cost. Their risk was to either not act at all or respond at all levels of threat beyond the original provocation. Kennedy disregarded costs and emphasized sufficient flexibility to avoid either escalation or humiliation. In particular Kennedy wanted to increase the range of available options prior to resort to nuclear war. The threshold beyond which the President might have to decide to initiate the use of nuclear weapons had t... Free Essays on Kennedy Free Essays on Kennedy John F. Kennedy took office in 1961. With him he would bring a much more aggressive attitude than that of his predecessor former President Dwight D. Eisenhower. President Kennedy had only one down fall and it was that he worried about what others thought of the United States. Throughout his presidency President Kennedy would face many crisis. Some crisis would be very small and take very little time to resolve, while others would be on an imaginable scale and take years to end. The Cuban Crisis is one of the most noticeable that President Kennedy faced during his time as President. This conflict would also show an example of the role some nations play that may be they should not have. The Cuban Conflict would prove to be a stepping-stone for President Kennedy. Through his actions President Kennedy would show the world that the United States would do what ever it takes to stand up for what is right. President Kennedy would team up with Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense and together they would launch the greatest arms role the world had ever known. This would cause the Russians to come to the aid of Cuba. President Kennedy explained to the Russians that if they got involved they would see their own fate. Though President Kennedy may have over reacted with the Cuban Conflict, by his actions being based on the fear of what the world thought, he still showed tremendous will power and fearlessness even when the odds were against him. The Cuban Crisis would also show the role that other nations would play in a certain crisis that should not have been played. The crisis in Cuba was a prime example of how during the world war countries would take a role that they should not have. The United States played a role they were not familiar with for the first time. They played the aggressor and moved in on Cuba. This action would prove not to be in the best interest, since Russia would come to the aid of Cuba. If the Uni... Free Essays on Kennedy Kennedy came to office with flair. He offered a new vision and a new frontier for America. He also inherited a secret war in Cuba, a Cold War with the Soviet Union and China, and an emerging crisis in Southeast Asia. He preferred a flexible security strategy over Eisenhower's heavy-handed nuclear threats. Flexible Response was no highly explicit theory nor written in a single authoritative source. Flexible Response was realistic in that nuclear weapons couldn't be used. It tried to provide credible means to match non-nuclear escalation. The word "flexible" stressed the value of having "multiple options" available should a crises arise. Having multiple options during a crisis appeared to be better than reference to a few preset war scenarios. Having multiple options was thought to enhance the credibility of the U.S. deterrent (reassuring allies while deterring the opponent). At the same time, however, flexibility made it also improbable that the U.S. would want or need nuclear attack. In effect Flexible Response called for the continued presence (in Europe) of sizable conventional forces. Conventional forces were to serve two functions, a deterrent function and the function to fight limited wars. The main argument of the Eisenhower administration had been that conventional forces were too costly and nuclear weapons would have "more bang for the buck." Kennedy wanted to deter all wars, general or limited, nuclear or conventional, large or small. Eisenhower and Dulles wanted to achieve similar goals but at minimal cost. Their risk was to either not act at all or respond at all levels of threat beyond the original provocation. Kennedy disregarded costs and emphasized sufficient flexibility to avoid either escalation or humiliation. In particular Kennedy wanted to increase the range of available options prior to resort to nuclear war. The threshold beyond which the President might have to decide to initiate the use of nuclear weapons had t...

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Solo written report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solo written report - Assignment Example I believe that I am well qualified academically and with experience for this position that offers good opportunities. The key strengths that make me the competitive candidate for this position include; the ability to network effectively, I have a desire to impact positively not only to the clients but also colleagues, I am also able to work in a team work environment. I also have a strong character and am always ready to learn new things. I am a person that customers will rely on because I am confident and well spoken person. I have wider experience is similar career environment hence you can place me in any place and am confident I will deliver. I am hoping that my education and experience will warrant a face-to-face meeting because am sure that I will deliver quality services that will add value to the organization. Yours Sincerely Alex CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DATA: LAST NAME: (ALL CAPS) Name as it appears on your passport: First Name: Middle Name / Other Names: Physical Street A ddress for courier delivery (NOT A POSTAL BOX): Telephone Home: Telephone Mobile: Telephone Office: Email 1: alex@hotmail.com Email 2: Marital Status: Date of Birth: DAY/MONTH/YEAR Gender: Country of Origin: Present Nationality: Languages and Fluency Level: EDUCATION: Degree Earned, University of Toronto 2007 to 2011 Example: Bachelors of Commerce degree in Finance and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto Canada WORK HISTORY: Assistant Financial advisor, XBA international, 40100-567 Toronto Canada, 2011 to 2012 July Start and End Date (Mo/Year), Name of Supervisor I was assistant financial advisor and I advised the organization on financial matters. Budget planning for the organization Oversee Internal auditing exercise Senior Financial Advisor XBA International 40100-567 Toronto Canada 2012 July up to date Advising the company on financial matters TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Course Name, CPA 1- K Institute of accounting Toronto Canada 20010- 2011 Introduction: With a soon-to-be completed Bachelors of Commerce degree in Finance and Economics, I wish to apply for the position of financial advisor as posted on November 18th in the website of www.monster.ca. I have the confidence that I am the most suitable person for this job, and I could perform these duties in the best interest of Investors Group. After an extensive research about your financial group, I am inspiring by applying to such a reputable financial services group. The following summary is the qualities and skills that I would like to provide to Investors Group. Investors Group’s history is counting over 80 years. In 1926 the fist Canadian office was established, and Theodore O. Peterson becomes the company’s first President in 1946. After four years in 1950 Investors Group launches the first mutual fund in Canada and international mutual fund after 12 years in 1962.In 1986, Power Financial Corporation becomes the parent company of Investors Group and the new corporate he ad office became reality on 1988 †One Canada Center† . Moreover, in 1997 Investors Group joins Great-West Life in the purchase of London Life and I.G Investment Management, Ltd. Opens

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Environmental Issues of Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Issues of Canada - Essay Example Enveloped with a coastline of 202,080 kilometers, extensive wilderness areas, plentiful of minerals, energy, farmland, Canada is a trillion-dollar class affluent society (The World Factbook - Canada, 2009). The Canadian people take immense pride in their national heritage. The two common unifying Canadian values often reported are: multiculturalism and love of nature (Angus, 1997). David Suzuki observes that Canadian people value and take care of their country's natural wealth. In a major academic study at Simon Fraser University which used the data published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), shows how Canadian Government is failing their own citizens. Writing about Canadian Government, Suzuki states; "we are not living up to our own expectations, let alone the international vision of our great country. Without a clear sustainability plan, and a monitoring system to mark our progress, we risk falling further behind (in preface to Simon Fraser University report, 2005)." The Simon Fraser University (SFU) report gave environmental performance rankings to OECD countries based on average rank on 29 environmental indicators. Canada stood at rank 28 out of 30, with USA and Belgium standing poorer than Canada (2005). It is interesting to note that Canada showed no improvement in rank relative to OECD countries between 1992 and 2002. The report also highlights that Canada's worst performance is on environmental indicators related to: volatile organic compound emissions, carbon monoxide emissions, and generation of nuclear waste. The SFU report also mentions Canada's ranking in environmental performance form other studies such as, the University of Victoria report, 28th rank of 29 in 2001; the Conference Board, 9th rank of 24 in 2004; the Yale Environmental Index, 69th rank of 146 in 2005. Of course the OECD report referenced in SFU study has some glaring methodical failings. For example: Canada ranked 27th in forestry based on its annual per capita harvest of trees, whereas Iceland, which has virtually no trees, ranked first. If the rankings had been based on harvest per hectare of forested area, Canada would have ranked 6th rather than 27th. In pesticide use, Canada ranked 22nd based on its annual per capita consumption, but on a per hectare basis Canada would have ranked fourth. The point of contention is that whilst indicators have a guidance value, in themselves, they may not paint the 'perfect truth value.' As a matter of fact, there are different versions of truth. As Boyd points out, the World Economic Forum's Environmental Sustainability Index, aimed at measuring the long term environmental prospects ranks Canada fourth out of 142 nations (2003). In other words, the versions of truth vary depending upon assumptions made and perspectives of survey. The Canadian Government and industry, for instance, have another story to tell. They claim that Canada has adequate policies and practices in place that has improved Canada's track record as the environment conscience keeper. In particular, recent surveys

Friday, January 31, 2020

Black Arts & Black Aesthetic Essay Example for Free

Black Arts Black Aesthetic Essay Larry Neal’s â€Å"Black Arts Movements† and Addison Gayle’s â€Å"The Black Aesthetic† are two identical mission statements for the black audience: set yourself apart from the white culture and give your culture the recognition it deserves. The two pieces are similar in ideas and purposes. The black communities were tired of always adapting to the ways of the white culture because it was the â€Å"right† way to act. The black community wanted to define their own culture and these pieces were words of encouragement for blacks to step outside the white ways of thinking and acting and step into an acceptance of their own urbanity. Once the differences were accepted that’s when you start seeing the different relationships between whites and blacks. These written pieces were significant changes in thoughts and actions at this time, and they weren’t useless. The blacks were really hoping to set themselves apart from the rest, to have people recognize they were different from the white oppressive mind set, and it worked. Larry Neal’s â€Å"The Black Arts Movement†, written in 1968, speaks directly to the needs and ambitions of Black America at the time. The main goal in â€Å"The Black Arts Movement† is to emphasize the necessity for black culture to define their world in their own terms. Larry Neal asks the question in his piece, â€Å"†¦whose vision of the world is more meaningful, ours or the white oppressors? † (Neal page 2040). He is asking his audience to move away from a white oppressor vision of the world and create their own vision of the world: a vision that has their own beliefs, thoughts, and ideas; a vision that stands out from the white patterns that have consisted years prior. The Black artists’ primary duty is to express the needs of the Black people. Neal explains this idea by saying, â€Å"†¦main thrust of his new breed of contemporary writers to confront the contradictions arising out of the Black man’s experience in the raciest West† (Neal page 2039). In other words, the goals of these new artists is to use a concept of â€Å"protest literature† (page 2040) and direct this new literature directly towards black people to summon hope and â€Å"[awaken] Black people to the meaning of their lives† (Neal page 2042). The Black community had been living in an oppressive society for years prior to this new movement. Neal believed The Black Aesthetic was the destruction of white ideas, and the destruction of white ways of looking at their world. Addison Gayle Jr. was another of these contemporary artists who encouraged a new way of life to the black community in his piece, â€Å"The Black Aesthetic†. The Black Aesthetic movement was the practice that helped those seeking to navigate and understand the experiences of black peoples. Gayle explains the Black Aesthetic movement: â€Å"The question for the black critic today is not how beautiful is a melody, a play, a poem, a novel, but how much more beautiful has the poem†¦made the life of a single black man? The Black Aesthetic, then, as conceived by this writer†¦is a means of helping black people out of the polluted mainstream of Americanism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle 1916). This is a significant quote because Gayle, and many of the Black Aesthetic artists at the time, really believe that these works of art are not for the critics’ entertainment. Instead they are gritty stories of these Black Peoples’ experiences and they are intended to free the Black Man of an oppressive white America. They are to encourage these black men and women to stop conforming to the white culture and instead embrace their own. The black aesthetic period is so significant because it was a time where the artists made a significant shift in the opinions of the white culture towards the black culture, and even more, it gave a chance to the Black community to find their voice in the madness and be able to stand out amongst the white, oppressive view points of the society they were living in at the time. These two pieces of work connect really well with each other. Essentially I could connect Gayle’s piece to almost any Black Aesthetic piece just because they all have similar viewpoints in regards to the freedom of the oppressive white American culture. However, Larry Neal directly comments on the Black Aesthetics. He describes the Black Arts Movement and the Black Aesthetic as one. Neal says, â€Å"Black Art is the aesthetic and spiritual sister of the Black Power concept. As such, it envisions an art that speaks directly to the needs and aspirations of Black America† (Neal page 2039). This goes with Gayle’s beliefs that the Black Aesthetic is directly made for the needs of the black peoples. Gayle says, â€Å"A critical methodology has no relevance to the black community unless it aids men in becoming better than they are† (page 1917). Gayle and Neal both have this vision for Black Americans that they be freed from this movement, not pushed further into oppression, and they believe the arts can advocate them into being better. The encouragement the artists have for the rest of their brothers and sisters is what makes these two pieces so important, especially when they’re being compared. The black people, whether they are the creators or just regular middle-class folks, share visions of positivity during hardships. They want their brothers to come out and top, so they fight together. The Black Aesthetic movement was a time period where the black Americans, whom had the privilege to create and share poems, stories, and plays, were able to share their creations with the rest of the population to motivate them. Gayle and Neal’s goals are the same: they want the blacks to find their own identity, present themselves differently, and stop following in the footsteps of the whites. They believe that these works of art really can do wonders of change for their brothers and sisters. These stories and creations, poem and plays, aren’t just useless, fictional words that these artist create out of air. They are real life accounts of the battles the black culture have fought in hopes that the oppressive layer of the white America finally comes off their backs. In the following quote, Neal demonstrates how the arts can really be significant. Neal says, â€Å"Poetry is a concrete function, actions†¦Poems are physical entities: fists, daggers, airplane poems, and poems that shoot guns. Poems are transformed into personal forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 2041). In relationship to Neal, Gayle compares the oppression to war. These two works are compatible to each other. Gayle believes the two cultures are at war, while Neal has the perfect weapon: works of art. Gayle explains the society’s conditions by saying, â€Å"The serious black artist of today is at war with the American society as few have been throughout American history† (Gayle page 1914). Gayle and Neal agree upon this. The Black American culture was at a war with the white American culture and the black artists were doing everything in their power to free themselves of this war using the one weapon they were best at using: words. Using these words of hope and encouragement, and visions of freedom and opportunities, the artists created possibilities. Neal and Gayle had similar visions for the future, as well. They both believed this movement was growing and they believed that growth had been evident in white peoples’ eyes already. Gayle states this growth by saying, â€Å"The white academician†¦calls upon a black man to write the introduction. The editor then declares that his anthology ‘represents the best black literature’ or that he has chosen these works which rank the best in American artistic production. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle page 1918). In saying that a black man can write an introduction and rank the best in production is a significant amount of change for the Black community. The white editors are accepting of the different writing styles and topics, and still finding that it’s quality literature even when it’s unlike theirs; a goal the black aesthetic writers have worked to achieve. Neal has a similar idea on hope, but he also adds his beliefs on the growth of this movement by saying, â€Å"Afro-American life and history is full of creative possibilities, and the movement is just beginning to perceive them. Just beginning to understand that the most meaningful statements†¦must come from the Third World of which Black America is a part† (Neal page 2050). This statement is quite similar to Gayle’s in that the white society in America is starting to recognize the importance in black arts which is a significant change because it’s one that they worked towards for many years. At the time, progress was still being made, but some progress had been made and it was enough to make them feel happy and even more hopeful for the future of the movement. The significance in the pieces is that they set their black community apart from the rest of America. Years prior the whites oppressed the blacks and so at this point in time, the black people were trying desperately to free themselves. In comparing these two pieces you really start to see the similar ideas the black people had about their community. These ideas weren’t just small things a few people decided to write about. They were words of hope for the future. A mission statement to set themselves apart from the rest, testimonies of what the artists have been through, and explanations of why they’re different and why they should be recognized as that. The incredible thing about it: it worked. Gayle, Addison, Jr. , and Larry Neal. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York [u. a. : Norton, 2004. Print. ]

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Nurse Empowerment Essay -- Health Care, Nursing

Introduction Nurses have a vital role in the rapidly changing healthcare setting, which are characterized by critical care patients and shortages of nurses to meet demands of patient care (Ning, Zhong, Libo, and Qiujie, 2009). Therefore, it is important to maintain good working environments for nurses. Empowerment is seen as an effective method to advance nurse’s satisfaction (Ning, Zhong, Libo, and Qiujie, 2009). Empowerment as stated by Wittmann-Price (2004), is â€Å"the process of reaching a more positive state of being, a state of relative freedom in choice by first acknowledging an affective experience of oppression†. The purpose of this paper is to write a narrative about an experience as a student nurse practicing in a clinical setting where we felt oppressed due to class, race, cultural or gender biases. This narrative will be analyzed using relevant concepts in the literature. Narrative My experience happened when I was in second year nursing. We are just starting our clinical rotations in KGH. At that time, our instructors assigned us one patient to do our nursing care. The goals for the day are to do our head to toe assessments and be able to chart our findings. Throughout the shift, we have a co-assigned nurse that will aid us in our duties for the day. I did what I was supposed to do and charted accordingly. After the end of the shift I thought that I did everything right, until one of my classmates told me that my nurse talked to her and stating that I did not do a good job and telling her that I do not know how to chart. Upon hearing, this from my classmate I did not say anything to my clinical instructor and just let it slide. I felt embarrassed and ashamed. I thought that I cannot change what happened and I ... ...against oppressors I must recognized that I am being oppressed. I also must learn to change my attitudes towards my oppressors and change the way I am responding and thinking. Conclusion Empowerment is a vital factor in creating a positive working environment. Nurses that see their work environment as empowering are more likely to provide quality health care. Positive environments are important for the future of nursing development (Ning, Zhong, Libo, and Qiujie, 2009). Nurses should not only have the ability to recognized differences but also they must have the capacity to transform and change structures within the profession in order to achieved emancipation. To achieve empowerment they must take steps to overcome oppression. They must face their fears and be able to make dialogue with their oppressors and let them know that their actions are unacceptable.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Badminton Essay Essay

Self-efficacy and social influences are two guiding principles in the study of sociology of sport. Self-efficacy is an individual’s personal estimate of confidence in his or her capability to accomplish a certain level of performance, whereas social influence occurs when others affect one’s emotions, opinions, behaviors and choices. These sociocultural factors are linked to Figueroa’s framework, which influence my participation in badminton. In this essay, the focus in on self-efficacy and social stigma-related socio-cultural factors, which are constituent elements in the sports socialization process and have influenced my active involvement in Badminton. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the impact that sociocultural influences have had on my decision to play on the Moreton Bay College badminton team. Professor Peter Figueroa developed a tool also known as Figueroa’s Framework, which investigates the issues surrounding access, equity and equality in sport and physical activity. It is structured over five different levels: individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural, these areas are used to investigate the ways in which inequities challenge the area of sport and physical activity. All five levels connect within each other and they all influence the shaping of the overall effect. They show the different functions that reinforce, create, remove and eliminate barriers and inequities within sport and physical activity. The level of Figeuroa’s Framework that affects my participation in badminton the greatest was the interpersonal level and individual level. The interpersonal level of Figueroa’s framework is used to investigate the relationships that affect whether an individual will develop a lifelong association with sport. Most individuals ar e influenced directly or indirectly by the people around them such as parents, peers, siblings, teachers, coaches, or sporting role models. In particular, one barrier that had an impact upon my participation in Badminton is self-efficacy. The theory of self-efficacy â€Å"was developed within the framework of social cognitive theory, which views individuals as proactive agents in the regulation of their cognition, motivation, actions,  and emotions.† When playing badminton I feel vulnerable to this problem of self-efficacy as my self-esteem is affected by my performance because I feel as if I am judged by how well I perform. As I have such high expectations to perform well in badminton, I am very critical and hard on myself. This leads to poor self-efficacy which forces me to believe I do not have the capability for success in Badminton. Someone with high self-efficacy is confident and motivated to work toward a learning goal and someone such as myself with low self-efficacy in badminton is not as motivated, which effects how much effort is put into a particular task. Self-efficacy is based on a social learning theory and is a construct that affects motivation and thus can promote or inhibit learning different skills. Consequently, as Allender et al. (2006) suggests, when an individual has limited confidence in their own ability to perform, enjoyment levels decline and inevitably, participation ceases. Pratt et al. (1999) found that perceived competence and sport ability beliefs had a â€Å"strong and direct impact on enjoyment†. As enjoyment is a precursor to ongoing participation, it is thus evident that self-efficacy is an important factor in my participation in Badminton. A study by McCarthy, Jones and Clark-Carter (2008) investigated the sources of enjoyment reported by youth sport participants and found that positive parental involvement was one of the most frequently reported results by young males and females. This implies that when children in sport perceive parental involvement as positive, they are more likely to enjoy their sporting experience. When we are young, our families influence us more than outsiders do. If your parents played sports, took you to sporting contests, helped you learn basic sport skills, and encouraged you to participate, chances are you gave sports a try. It has been proven that parental influence extends to the parents perception of the sports their children choose to participate in. That is, parents can transmit values through communicating their beliefs, acceptance, and support to their child’s participation in sport. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of parental interpretation, often showing th at too much parental feedback causes undue stress in young athletes and can cause them not to participate in certain sports, but the appropriate amounts of encouragement and support can increase enjoyment and longevity of the athletes’ involvement. Parental  interpretation is a powerful mechanism because it communicates expected and valued behaviors. Children internalize parental values and expectations therefore; children try to behave in ways that maximize their acceptance in the social setting. Thus, as my parents communicate that they do not value badminton as an exceptional sport, it is unlikely for me to participate in this sport. Also as my parents are not actively involved, nor intentionally provide sporting experiences for the sport of badminton; it is very unlikely that I was ever exposed to the sporting world of badminton as a child. In conclusion, self-efficacy and social influences are two of the central motives that have influenced my decision to play on the college badminton team. These sociocultural factors target the Interpersonal and Structural level of Figueroa’s framework. The influence of outsiders such as family and peers and my perceived capability at a particular time to perform the specified badminton skills has led me to the decision of not participating in the Moreton Bay College badminton team.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Broad Spectrum Revolution Giving Up the Paleo Diet

The Broad Spectrum Revolution (abbreviated BSR and sometimes referred to as niche broadening) refers to a human subsistence shift at the end of the last Ice Age (ca 20,000–8,000 years ago). During the Upper Paleolithic (UP), people all over the globe survived on diets made up primarily of the meat from large-bodied terrestrial mammals—the first paleo diet. But at some point after the Last Glacial Maximum, their descendants broadened their subsistence strategies to include hunting small animals and foraging for plants, becoming hunter-gatherers. Eventually, humans began  domesticating those plants and animals, in the process radically changing our way of life. Archaeologists have been trying to figure out the mechanisms that made those changes happen since the early decades of the 20th century. Braidwood to Binford to Flannery The term Broad Spectrum Revolution was coined  in 1969  by archaeologist Kent Flannery, who created the idea to get a better understanding of how humans changed from Upper Paleolithic hunters to Neolithic farmers in the Near East. Of course, the idea didnt come out of thin air: BSR was developed as a response to Lewis Binfords theory about why that change happened, and Binfords theory was a response to Robert Braidwood. In the early 1960s, Braidwood suggested that agriculture was the product of experimentation with wild resources in optimal environments (the hilly flanks theory): but he didnt include a mechanism that explained why people would do that. In 1968, Binford argued that such changes could only be forced by something that disrupted the existing equilibrium between resources and technology—big mammal hunting technologies worked in the UP for tens of thousands of years. Binford suggested that disruptive element was climate change—the rise in sea level at the end of the Pleistocene reduced the overall land available to populations and forced them to find new strategies. Braidwood himself was responding to V.G. Childes Oasis Theory: and the changes werent linear. Many of scholars were working this problem, in all of the ways typical of the messy, exhilarating process of theoretical change in archaeology. Flannerys Marginal Areas and Population Growth In 1969, Flannery was working in the Near East in the Zagros mountains far from the impacts of sea level rises, and that mechanism wasnt going to work well for that region. Instead, he proposed that hunters began to use invertebrates, fish, waterfowl, and plant resources as a response to localized population density. Flannery argued that, given a choice, people live in optimal habitats, the best places for whatever their subsistence strategy happens to be; but by the end of the Pleistocene, those locations had become too crowded for hunting big mammals to work. Daughter groups budded off and moved into areas that were not so optimal, so-called marginal areas. The old subsistence methods wouldnt work in these marginal areas, and instead, people began exploiting an increasing array of small game species and plants. Putting the People Back In The real problem with BSR, though, is what created Flannerys notion in the first place—that environments and conditions are different across time and space. The world of 15,000 years ago, not unlike today, was made up of a wide variety of environments, with different amounts of patchy resources and different levels of plant and animal scarcity and abundance. Societies were structured with different gender and societal organizations and used different levels of mobility and intensification. Diversifying resource bases–and particularizing again to exploit a select number of resources–are strategies used by societies in all of these places. With the application of new theoretical models such as the niche construction theory (NCT), archaeologists today define the specific shortcomings within a specific environment (niche) and identify the adaptations that humans used to survive there, whether they are expanding the dietary breadth of their resource base or contracting it. Using a comprehensive study known as human behavioral ecology, researchers recognize that human subsistence is a nearly continuous process of coping with changes in resource base, whether people are adapting to environmental changes in the region where they live, or moving away from that region and adapting to new situations in new locations. 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